View heavy metal pollution research papers on academia. Fish, crab, bivalve molluscs etc are used in bioaccumulation. The exposures to heavy metals cause increase or decrease in hematological indices, with decline in protein and glycogen. Environmental pressures of heavy metal releases from. The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Mar 16, 2020 in order to facilitate the pollution control degree of contamination cd was proposed by hakanson which is obtained as follows.
Materials and methods sampling location the study was conducted in a gold mining site in ilesha. Thus, the main strategies of pollution control are to reduce the bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of metals. Industrial releases of heavy metals in europe to air tend to originate from a small number of facilities, with metal processing and the burning of fuel for energy supply responsible for the greatest environmental pressures. Heavy metal pollution in water is thought to be one of the serious environmental problems all over the world bhuiyan et al. However, essential metals are required for enzyme catalysis, nutrient transport, protein structure, charge neutraliziation and control of osmatic pressure9. In heavy metals, pollution abatement, microbial sensors, and transformations are getting increased focus because of high efficiency and cost.
Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the. Treatment processes for acid mine water typically generate highdensity sludge that is heterogeneous due to variety of. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment. During the harmattan season in west africa decembermarch, several million tons of windblown dust from the sahara are deposited in the coastal areas. Effects of heavy metals on human health manju mahurpawar govt. The pressure on the industry to adopt more advanced and environmentally sustainable treatment processes is increasing as the mining industry experiences high growth rates. Heavy metal pollution of surface and underground water sources results in considerable soil pollution and pollution increases when mined ores are dumped on the ground surface for manual dressing garbarino et al. Smelting and burning of coal, oil and waste will bring heavy metal pollution into the atmosphere.
Bioremediation and pollution prevention united states environmental protection agency epa530f97042. At the national level, however, the government welcomed pollution as evidence of progress and prosperity, and consequently very few of the environmental pollution control measures contained in the factories act 1911 and the mining law 1905 were. Aware that further and more effective action to control and reduce emissions of certain heavy metals may be needed. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an ecofriendly alternative. Pollution control dept, federal ministry of environment, abuja, nigeria. Heavy metals enter the surroundings by natural means and through human activities.
Governmental regulations are essential in both source control and pollution remediation. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried out in situ. We analyzed the behavior of heavy metals, such as cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn, and hg, in air pollution control devices of a municipal solid waste incinerator. Understanding heavy metal accumulation in soil, the origin of these metals and their possible interactions with soil properties are priority objectives in environmental monitoring 6. Thus there is urgent need to evaluate the extent of pollution created by the heavy metals and to monitor the agents responsible for aquatic pollution in krishna river of andhra pradesh. The term has particular application to cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic, all of which appear in the world health organizations list of 10 chemicals of major public concern. A toxic heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts. Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. The challenges and difficulties are also analyzed in this section. Abstract some heavy metals have bioimportance as trace elements but the biotoxic effects of many of them in human biochemistry are of great concern.
The establishment of such a system often presupposes the existence of minimum pollution standards and regulations. Section 2 provides an overview of chinas heavy metal pollution. In order to control the analytical procedure, precision of the analytical results was. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Human exposure through food, air and water heavy metal pollution of surface and underground water sources results in considerable soil pollution and pollution increases when mined ores are dumped on the ground surface for manual dressing garbarino et al. Heavy metal pollution in the air increases through human activities. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using. Appropriate laws have been passed that restrict and regulate the growth of pollution intensive industries, especially in metropolitan cities. Assessment of heavy metal residues in the sediment and water samples of uluabat lake, turkey. Reported sources of heavy metals in the environment include geogenic, industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, domestic effluents, and atmospheric sources. Among the different types of pollution, heavy metal pollution has become one of the major environmental issues in china. Monitoring and systematic gathering of information on heavy metal levels in the environment are essential components of any pollution control system. Natural and anthropogenic source of heavy metals pollution in. Journal of heavy metal toxicity and diseases open access.
Methods of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Hence, there is a need for proper understanding of. Heavy metals are toxic substances that accumulate in food chains with the increasing concentrations. Methods for remediation of heavy metal contaminated environments include physical removal, detoxification, bioleaching, and phytoremediation. Hence the levels of heavy metal contamination have spread beyond control.
These plants absorb and accumulate toxic metals from soil and water through the roots and later may be recovered from plant body. One of the currently most challenging environmental concerns is heavy metals pollution of soil and water sources, which can result in environmental toxicity and adverse impacts on human health and. Review of heavy metal contamination in soil shalini arora1. For this study, a municipal solid waste incinerator with a burning capacity of 2,400 kgh was selected. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health. Pollution control an overview sciencedirect topics.
A semidry reactor sdr, fabric filter, and wet scrubber were installed to serve as air pollution control devices. The replacement of the nondescript term heavy metals by a biologically and chemically significant classification of metal ions. Heavy metals can be found naturally in the environment, in homes, or at the work place. Heavy metal pollution is a serious concern due to hazardous impacts at even very small concentrations. Heavy metal pollution in soil and water in some selected. Various sources of heavy metals include soil erosion, natural weathering of the earths crust, mining, industrial effluents, urban runoff, sewage discharge, insect or disease control agents applied to crops, and many others morais et al. Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in. Heavy metals are found in everyday existence and are frequently hard to avoid entirely. Metal pollution has harmful effect on biological systems and does not undergo biodegradation.
Geochemical indices for evaluating heavy metal contamination. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. Dec 01, 2003 the main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic arsenic is a metalloid, but is usually classified as a heavy metal. Bioremediation options for heavy metal pollution journal. Electricity can be generated by movements of electrons from one element to another. The heavy metals cadmium, lead and mercury are common air pollutants, be. International efforts like this are helping establish stringent laws and testing requirements, but the countless sources of heavy metals and diverse pathways to human exposure make it difficult to effectively manage, much less eliminate, heavy metal pollution. Effect on human health due to drinking water contaminated with heavy metals. Current status, pollution control policies and countermeasures, authorh. People exposed to heavy metals through water consumption are vulnerable to cancer and other risks. In the big cities of developing countries, this issue is being highly menaced mainly due to.
Pollution control has almost become an integral part of the process of industrialization. Monitoring heavy metal pollution in west africa 339 regions. Chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures range of regulations and restrictions. Pollution control board cpcb, which has drawn the attention of the research communities in devising techniques to down the levels of pollution in the environment. Control of heavy metal pollution through application of. In such a simple and natural way these plants will help us to minimise and control the heavy metal pollution from soil and water. Heavy metals remain in the soil for a long time and have a. After reading this article you will learn about the toxic effects of heavy metals on human health and plants. As a matter of fact, not much is known about the biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals in tropical ecosystems.
National and international heavy metal monitoring is not consistent. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threa t to both surface and groundwater. Despite the natural occurrence of heavy metals, human activities are the main driver of heavy metal pollution. In coal burning areas, the different contents of heavy metals as and cr in the coal have affected the emission of heavy metals into the atmosphere chen et al. Rufus chaney, a senior research agronomist at the u. The cepi for land soil and ground water of mangalore had scored 54 out of which heavy metal content belonging to group c had contributed 20 units.
Mechanisms of tolerance and resistance are given as well. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. The challenges and difficulties are also analyzed in. Keywords smallscale gold mining, mercury pollution, heavy metal, dunkwa onoffin, ghana corresponding author. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in a gold mining site. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on. To date, there are few studies assessing the nationwide soil heavy metal pollution induced by industrial and agricultural activities in china. The major sources of heavy metal pollution in urban areas of africa are. A number of studies show that high level of heavy metal exposure is a frequent cause of permanent intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Section 3 discusses chinas policies and plans for heavy metal pollution control. Electrochemical process to treat wastewater containing heavy metals is to precipitate the heavy metals in a weak acidic or neutralized catholyte as hydroxides. Environmental contamination by heavy metals intechopen. A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country author links open overlay panel md saiful islam a b md kawser ahmed c mohammad raknuzzaman b d md habibullah al mamun b d muhammad kamrul islam e. The term has particular application to cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic, all of which appear in the world health organizations list. Pdf environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to.
They persist indefinitely and cause pollution of air, water, and soils. Soil pollution by heavy metal including lead pb is a widespread problem. The relative standard deviations of the triplicate analysis n 3 was. One of the currently most challenging environmental concerns is heavy metals pollution of soil and water sources, which can result in environmental toxicity and. A heavy metal solution the mining industry is under constant scrutiny when it comes to its processes for treating contaminated wastewater. Toxic effects of heavy metals on human health and plants. Department of agriculture, is an expert in the use of compost methods to remediate metal contaminated sites. Pdf assessment of heavy metal contamination and macro. Toxic heavy metals such as pb, co, cd and hg can be differentiated from other pollutants, since they cannot be biodegraded but can be accumulated in living. Heavy metal contamination and acid mine drainage are very important concerns. An assessment of heavymetal contamination in soils within.
Heavy metal pollution, a global problem and its remediation by chemically enhanced phytoremediation. Heavy metal pollution of surface and underground water sources results in considerable soil pollution and pollution increases when mined ores are dumped on the ground surface for. Effect on human health due to drinking water contaminated. Land pollution is one of the major forms of environmental catastrophe our world is facing today khan, 2004. Ilia ilyin, torun berg, sergey dutchak, jozef pacyna 7. Review article toxicity, mechanism and health effects of. The ratio of the composition of the soil also varies in different areas of. Metal pollution index the metal pollution index mpi is a geometrical mean of concentration of all tested metals in a given. Heavy metal pollution is a global challenge that requires joint efforts of governments, scientists, and communities. Surface dumping exposes the metals to air and rain thereby generating much amd. Behavior of heavy metals in air pollution control devices.
Adverse health effects and resistance to decay make heavy metals particularly hazardous pollutants. Control of heavy metal pollution through application of bioremediation for sustainable aqua farming. The primary sources of metal pollution are the burning of fossil fuels, smelting of metal like ores, municipal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides and sewage nriagu, 1979, 1996. Environmental pollution series b, chemical and physical 1, 326. Therefore, raising awareness and increasing efforts to reduce the risk of pollution, including heavy metal pollution, would further decrease the burden of disease, and as a consequence, improve the wellbeing of the population and hence increase productivity. Heavy metal is among one of the pollutants, which cause severe threats to humans and the environment in china. The environment and its compartments have been severely polluted by heavy metals. It is clear that as greater emphasis is placed on the control of heavy metals in the environment by water pollution control regulatory agencies, a much better. Heavy metal pollutants can cause harmful effects in plants, animals and humans. Electroplating is the primary source of chromium and cadmium. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living.
Punjab university, college of earth and environmental sciences, lahore, pakistan. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and macronutrient content of composts for environmental pollution control in ghana. Environmental pollution, especially by chemicals, is one of the most important factors in the destruction of biosphere components. It has been made obligatory for industrial units to adopt measures to control pollution. Heavy metals have been used in many different areas for thousands of years. Heavy metal pollution can arise from many sources but most commonly arises from the purification of metals, e. Factors include the distance of the sample from highway, the soil chemical and physical. Heavy metals are known to be naturally occurring compounds, but anthropogenic activities introduce them in large quantities in different environmental compartments.
Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects duruibe, j. This has compromised the ability of the environment to foster life and render its intrinsic values. Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, bioaccumulate in tissues and are biomagnified along with the trophic levels. Environmental pollution is very prominent in point source areas such as mining, foundries and smelters, and other metal.
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